capability
Cell therapy
CAR-T, CAR-NK, TCR, TIL, stem cell.
Where it's used
CAR-T cell therapy
A patient's own T cells are collected, engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) using a lentiviral vector, expanded and re-infused to kill cancer — an approved one-time living-drug class spanning CD19 lymphoma/leukemia and BCMA multiple myeloma, now advancing toward off-the-shelf allogeneic products.
NK-cell & CAR-NK therapy
CAR-NK and NK-cell therapy — allogeneic, off-the-shelf effector cells with low toxicity (minimal CRS, no GVHD) against solid and haematological cancers; iPSC-NK is the scalable platform.
Stem cell therapy for autoimmune disease
Living mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or regulatory T cells (Treg) are infused to re-tolerise the immune system in autoimmune and inflammatory disease — an approved-asset class led by Mesoblast's Ryoncil for steroid-refractory GVHD and TiGenix's Alofisel for Crohn's fistula, with a deeper engineered-Treg pipeline for lupus, arthritis and aplastic anemia.
TCR therapy (T-cell receptor engineered T cells)
Patient T cells are engineered with a high-affinity T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognises a peptide-MHC complex inside a solid-tumour cell — an approved one-time therapy reaching tumour targets CAR-T cannot, led by Adaptimmune's Tecelra and Immunocore's Kimmtrak, with a deeper pipeline advancing MAGE-A4, NY-ESO-1, gp100 and PRAME targets.
TIL therapy (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes)
TIL therapy — autologous tumor-infiltrating T-cells with polyclonal specificity; the first approved drug Lifileucel (Amtagvi, Iovance, FDA 2024) is a breakthrough in metastatic melanoma.