capability
Energy
Bio-energy storage & conversion: bio-supercapacitors, bio-PV, phase-change materials, bio-hydrogen, bio-IoT charging.
Where it's used
Bio-based phase-change materials
A thin category — plant-derived phase-change materials that absorb and release thermal energy at a defined temperature, replacing paraffin/petroleum-based PCM chemistry — three confirmed vendors spanning thermal energy storage, textile thermoregulation, and building applications.
Bio-powered IoT charging
A genuinely single-vendor category, distinct from the microbial fuel cell power already covered on this site — paper-based enzymatic biofuel cells that generate power from glucose or body fluids for wearable, implantable, and disposable IoT sensors — with one confirmed producer as of 2026.