Foundations
Carbon cycle & biogenic carbon
How biology moves carbon between the atmosphere, biomass and products.
Photosynthesis fixes atmospheric CO₂ into biomass; respiration, decay and combustion return it. Carbon captured by recently living matter is called biogenic carbon, and it is central to how the bioeconomy accounts for climate impact.
Biogenic vs. fossil carbon
Bio-based products that release only recently fixed carbon are treated differently from fossil carbon in life-cycle assessment.