Standards & certification
A certificate is a claim about a measurement; these pages show what the measurement is and where it is conditional.
The cluster passed a hard triage: institutions and schemes without a measurement behind them were exempted; the four subjects that survive each carry a real method. A biodegradability standard does not measure a property of the material — it measures a material-plus-environment pair, and the mineralisation percentage belongs to both. A bio-content claim rests on two instruments that cannot replace each other: radiocarbon counting and mass-balance bookkeeping with its fraud surface. LCA is honest only when its data choices — above all the allocation rule — are visible. Soil health certification is a bundle of proxies inside a sampling design.
Start with biodegradability standardization and testing: the conditionality of the measurement is shown there on the clearest example.
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| Biodegradability standardization and testing (ISO 17088, EN 13432) A biodegradability standard does not measure a property of the material — it measures mineralisation in a stated experiment, and the conditions are half of the result. |
| Bio-content certification and mass-balance traceability (ISCC PLUS, USDA BioPreferred) A bio-content claim rests on two instruments that cannot replace each other: radiocarbon counts the carbon in the molecule, mass balance counts feedstock in a ledger — and the ledger has a fraud surface the molecule does not. |
| Life-cycle assessment software The arithmetic of LCA is linear algebra a computer finds trivial; every consequential decision — functional unit, boundary, allocation — was made before the computation ran. |
| Soil health certification and assessment Soil health is not a measurable quantity but a bundle of functions; certification measures proxies — organic matter, respiration, aggregate stability, microbial biomass — and each is honest only inside a sampling design. |