# Gas fermentation reactors

Contract manufacturing (CMO/CDMO/toll) — Specialised anaerobic bioreactors — tall columnar gas-lift vessels, hollow-fibre cell-retention membrane systems and multi-stage gas-cleanup trains — that let acetogenic bacteria convert metallurgical and refinery off-gases (CO, CO2, H2) into ethanol at industrial scale…

Source: https://en.bioecon.ru/market/contract-manufacturing/gas-fermentation-reactors/