technology

Enzymatic biofuel cells

Paper-based devices generating electrical power by enzymatically oxidizing glucose or other body-fluid substrates, distinct from microbial fuel cells.

Where it's used

Bio-powered IoT charging
A genuinely single-vendor category, distinct from the microbial fuel cell power already covered on this site — paper-based enzymatic biofuel cells that generate power from glucose or body fluids for wearable, implantable, and disposable IoT sensors — with one confirmed producer as of 2026.
biofuels-bioenergy 6 min