Human-Milk-Proteins

Engineered yeast and fungi now express the bioactive milk proteins — above all lactoferrin, the iron-binding 'pink gold' that is just 1 percent of whey and historically over 650 US dollars a kilo — that close the gap between infant formula and breast milk, with the first US FDA GRAS no-questions letters (TurtleTree 2025, All G 2026) and the Nestlé-Helaina and Novonesis-TurtleTree partnerships moving precision-fermented ingredients from B2B supply into finished early-life nutrition.