technology
Wood-Ljungdahl-Pathway
Where it's used
Gas fermentation reactors
Purpose-built anaerobic bioreactors — tall bubble-column loop vessels, hollow-fiber cell-retention skids, and multi-stage gas cleanup trains — that let acetogenic bacteria convert steel-mill and refinery waste gas (CO, CO2, H2) into ethanol at commercial scale, one plant already running at 210,000 tonnes/year of biofuel-grade output.
Gas fermentation to chemicals
Acetogenic bacteria fix steel-mill and refinery off-gas (CO, CO2, H2) into recycled-carbon ethanol, acetone and sustainable aviation fuel through the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway — operated at commercial scale by LanzaTech licensees (the 210,000 t/yr Shougang plant, the €200M Steelanol plant at Ghent, and LanzaJet's Freedom Pines alcohol-to-jet facility) and extended to non-steel CO2 feedstocks by Cemvita's engineered-microbe platform.